Day 2: Introduction to Linux

Linux is a kernel based Operating sytsem. Before learning Linux, we should know what operating system is. An Operating System or OS is the program which provides an environment to run other applications. OS interacts with hardware which means it acts as mediator between hardware and user interface.

What is linux ?

Linus Torvalds developed Linux, a Unix-like, free, open-source, and kernel operating system. Mainly it is designed for systems, servers, embedded devices, mobile devices, and mainframes and is also supported on major computer platforms such as ARM, x86, and SPARC.

Architecture of Linux :

Application Layer: - Users interact with the system through varies applications such as office, games, etc. These applications run in outer layer of architecture.

Shell: - Shell provides environment to run any application. It provides interface to the user to interact with hardware. We can say that it converts higher level language to lower level language.

Kernel: - Kernel is the program which actually communicates with the hardware. Combining shell and kernel forms Operating System.

Hardware: - All the hardware components such as motherboard, CPU, hard disk, etc. are comes under this layer.

Basic Commands of Linux :

ls -for listing

who - Display current logged in all users with their details.

date - It shows current date and time.

mkdir - to create a directory

touch - to create a file

cd – To navigate between different folders.

rmdir – Removes empty directories from the directory lists.

cp – Moves files from one directory to another.

mv – Rename and Replace the files

rm – Delete files

uname – Command to get basic information about the OS

pwd - to print the current working directory on your terminal

cat – Display file contents on terminal